Factors affecting the cryopreservation of oocytes and embryos in buffalo

Abstract

An additional method for both in vitro and in vivo embryo production is cryopreservation of oocytes and embryos.
Although the technique has improved over the past ten years, it has not reached a satisfactory commercial level. The
outcomes were also inconsistent. Following the implantation of vitrified embryos, the pregnancy and live birth rates
ranged from 16 to 52% and 5.3 to 26.9%, respectively (from 1993 to 2020). Ultimately, the most crucial element in
achieving superior outcomes following cryopreservation is the quality of the oocytes and embryos. One element that
increases cryogenic tolerance is the addition of lipid-depleting and antioxidant agents to the medium. Furthermore,
two-step vitrification is a dependable cryopreservation technique. This technology can be improved by investigating
epigenetic effects and introducing lipidomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic technologies.